Difference Between Fat and NTFS . NTFS or FAT

NTFS or FAT

You will almost always get the same answer: Go for NTFS! It has better security! Better this! Better that!

Folks, I’m here to tell you that that isn’t always the case, nothing is that clear cut (Life is never clear cut, rule no.1) and that the best solution is to have both file systems.

Well, Which One Should I Choose?

I can’t choose for you. I don’t know your situation, nor know your needs, you environment and so on. The choice to go for either FAT or NTFS will entirely hinge on how you will use your hard disk. The easiest way to do that is to list the features of both file systems.

Comparison between NTFS and FAT

NTFS

FAT 16/32

Default File system In Windows XP, 2k and NT Support For Drives over 40gb, Files over GB Allows extended file names, foreign characters Has a severely crippled maintenance system in chkdsk Chkdsk is notoriously slow Increased security with file encryption Smaller file clusters, 4kb Compression to reduce disk space User permissions for files and folders File copies are “undone” if interrupted, cluster chains is cleaned Small files are kept in Master File Table at the beginning of the drive Not compatible with different operating systems on the same computer

Fat 16 not compatible with XP, FAT is more compatible with other operating Systems( Windows 95, etc) FAT 16 has 8.3 character limitation Has better, more and interactive recovery utilities (scandisk) Scandisk is very quick Just a space for the OS to read files Faster on drives less than 10gb FAT 16 cluster size is 32kb Cluster chains containing data from interrupted copies are marked as damaged Master File Table are separate from files

Some Random Facts

• Fat 16 was developed in 1981 for dos
• Fat 16 was designed to handle floppies
• Fat 32 is an extension of Fat 16
• Fat 32 introduced in service pack 2 of Windows 95
• Operating systems may recognise Fat16, but not Fat 32 (Win NT)
• You can go from FAT to NTFS but not the other way around
• FAT = File Allocation Table
• NTFS = New Technology File System

Well, Which One Should I Choose?

If you really only want to choose one way or another, here are two very important considerations:

• For files above 4gb, and hard disks above 32gb, go for NTFS
• For smaller drives, files and better recovery tools go for FAT
• But why not go for both, which is the best option in my opinion.
• Set aside some FAT so that you can run recovery tools, especially scandisk, so that you have something usable when things go awry, instead of the awful Windows System Tools.
• Then set the rest to NTFS so that you have better security on personal files, support for large files and drive.

More Detailed Comparison

Criteria NTFS5 NTFS FAT32 FAT16 Operating System Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP DOS All versions of Microsoft Windows Limitations Max Volume Size 2TB 2TB 2TB 2GB Max Files on Volume Nearly Unlimited Nearly Unlimited Nearly Unlimited ~65000 Max File Size Limit Only by Volume Size Limit Only by Volume Size 4GB 2GB Max Clusters Number Nearly Unlimited Nearly Unlimited 268435456 65535 Max File Name Length Up to 255 Up to 255 Up to 255 Standard - 8.3 Extended - up to 255 File System Features Unicode File Names Unicode Character Set Unicode Character Set System Character Set System Character Set System Records Mirror MFT Mirror File MFT Mirror File Second Copy of  FAT Second Copy of  FAT Boot Sector Location First and Last Sectors First and Last Sectors First Sector First Sector File Attributes Standard and Custom Standard and Custom Standard Set Standard Set Alternate Streams Yes Yes No No Compression Yes Yes No No Encryption Yes No No No Object Permissions Yes Yes No No Disk Quotas Yes No No No Sparse Files Yes No No No Reparse Points Yes No No No Volume Mount Points Yes No No No Overall Performance Built-In Security Yes Yes No No Recoverability Yes Yes No No Performance Low on small volumes High on Large Low on small volumes High on Large High on small volumes Low on large Highest on small volumes Low on large Disk Space Economy Max Max Average Minimal on large volumes Fault Tolerance Max Max Minimal Average

How to Install Android Kitkat Version on VMWare work Station

1:- Download VmWare 10 Link Here :-

2:- Vmware 10 Torrent Link Here !

3:- Android Kitkat 4.4 Link Here

How To install Android kitkat os 4.4 on vmware 10 version step by step .

In this particular Blog post we will see what it takes and how to install latest version of Android KitKat on VMWare workstation.
I have given Link for Vmware ann Android Kitkat iso file in above link so please find and download it .

 Select the Custom option that is available and Click Next.  

Select a CPU, 1GB RAM and required amount of Hard Disk.Browse and select the ISO of 

Androisx86 

 

Select a CPU, 1GB RAM and required amount of Hard Disk.

     Once you are finished, Tick on Power on this Virtual machine after Creation box and clickFinish.

Here i have created Virtual machine for Android Kitkat 4.4.Now here i going to install android in this virtual machine step by step .
Select INSTALL. You can also run the live CD. But I prefer to install the OS. If you choose live cd, you don’t need to do anything after this step, except enjoy your android.

Then: Create/Modify partitions <-- Press enter.Choose [ New ] <-- Press enter.then [ Primary ] <-- Press enter.Size (in MB): 1069.29 <-- Press enter.Then:Choose [ Bootable ] <-- Press enter.Choose [ Write ] <-- Press enter.type yes <-- Press enter.

Now the disc is being prepared:


Choose [ Quit ] <-- Press enter.

Now select sda as the install partition:


Choose a file-system. I tried ext2 and ext3. Take whatever you like. Hit on Ext3

Install the GRUB bootloader.


File-system writable? If you want a writable file-system, choose yes.

You are done. Choose Run Android-x86.



Thank You .
Install it and message me for any query.technical.gaurav@gmail.com

Step-by-step samba server configuration on RedHat Enterprise Linux

Step-by-step samba server configuration on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

by ihnc

1.Server  IP address is 192.168.0.254 and machine name is SERVER1.
2.Windows machine IP address is 192.168.0.2 and machine name is client2.
3.Firewall Should be disabled.
 #chkconfig iptables off
 #service iptables stop
 #chkconfig ip6tables off
 #service ip6tables  stop
4.To check if all rpms required for samba are installed or not.
 #rpm –qa | grep samba
 Samba-<version-name>
 Samba-common-<version-name>
 Samba-client-<version- name>
 System-config-samba-<version-name>
5.If not, install it using
 #rpm –ivh samba

6.Copy the original configuration file as smb.conf.bck
 #cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba.conf.bck
 (This will keep a backup copy of your configuration file.)

7.Now edit the configuration file
 #vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

8.To share home directory edit this part of /etc/samba/smb.conf
 [homes]
 comment=Home directories
 browseable =no
 writable=yes

9.To share printer edit this part of  /etc/samba/smb.conf
 [printers]
 comment = All printers
 path = /var/spool/samba
 browseable = no

10.To configure share called IHNCSHARE edit this part of /etc/samba/smb.conf
 [IHNC’s share]
 comment = Testing Samba Server
 path  = /samba
 valid users = user1, user2
11.Save the file with wq:
12.To check your configuration file type testparm
 #testparm
13.Create two samba users user1 and user2
 useradd user1
 useradd user2
14.Create smbpassword for both the users
 smbpasswd –a user1
 smbpasswd –a user2
15.Now you stop/start the samba services
 #service smb stop
 #service smb start
16.To see what is shared from your server through samba for a particular user
 #smbclient  -L server1 –U user1  or smbclient –L //192.168.0.1 –U user1
17.To see what is shared for a particular host
 #smbclient –L  mac2
18.Now, permanently make samba server on
 #chkconfig smb on

Accessing Windows Shares from RHEL 6

Now that the Samba resources are configured and the services are running, it is time to access the shared resource from a Windows system. On a suitable Windows system on the same workgroup as the RHEL 6 system, open Windows Explorer and navigate to the Network page. At this point, explorer should search the network and list any systems using the SMB protocol that it finds. The following figure illustrates an RHEL 6 system named rhel6 located using Windows Explorer on a Windows 7 system 

Double clicking on the RHEL 6 host will prompt for the name and password of a user with access privileges. In this case it is the demo account that we configured using the smbpasswd tool. Entering the username and password will result in the shared resources configured for that user appearing the explorer window, including the tmp resource previously configured:

Double clicking on the tmp shred resource will display a listing of the files and directories contained therein.

Accessing Windows Shares from RHEL 6

As previously mentioned, Samba is a two way street, allowing not only Windows systems to access files and printers hosted on an RHEL 6 system, but also allowing the RHEL system to access shared resources on Windows systems. This is achieved using the samba-client package which is installed by default under most RHEL 6 configurations. If it is not currently installed, install it from a Terminal window as follows:

su –
yum install samba-client 

To access any shared resources on a Windows system, begin by selecting the Places -> Network desktop menu option. This will display the Network browser dialog including an icon for theWindows Network (if one is detected) as illustrated in the following figure:

To obtain a list of Windows workgroups on the network, double click on the Windows Network icon. From within the list of workgroups double click on the desired group to obtain a listing of servers available for access:

Finally, double clicking on a computer will list the shared resources available for access from the RHEL client.

Summary

In this chapter we have looked at the steps necessary to configure an RHEL 6 system to act as both a Samba client and server allowing the sharing of resources with other systems on a Windows based network. In the case of Samba server configuration in particular we have only scratched the surface of the configuration options available. A full over of Samba would require an entire book. Many such publications and online resources are available if you would like to learn more. Another good place to start is to type man samba in a terminal window.

New 4th Generation Processor

Tech Specification of new 22nm Haswell Processors :

Product Name	Intel® Core™ i7-4770S Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)	Intel® Core™ i7-4700EQ Processor (6M Cache, up to 3.40 GHz)	Intel® Core™ i7-4770TE Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.30 GHz)
Code Name	Haswell	Haswell	Haswell
Essentials
Status	Launched	Launched	Launched
Launch Date	Q2’13	Q2’13	Q2’13
Processor Number	i7-4770S	i7-4700EQ	i7-4770TE
# of Cores	4	4	4
# of Threads	8	8	8
Clock Speed	3.1 GHz	2.4 GHz	2.3 GHz
Max Turbo Frequency	3.9 GHz	3.4 GHz	3.3 GHz
Cache	8 MB	6 MB	8 MB
Bus Type		DMI	DMI
System Bus		5 GT/s	5 GT/s
# of QPI Links	1
Instruction Set	64-bit	64-bit	64-bit
Instruction Set Extensions	SSE 4.1/4.2, AVX 2.0	SSE 4.1/4.2, AVX 2.0	SSE 4.1/4.2, AVX 2.0
Embedded Options Available	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lithography	22nm	22 nm	22 nm
Max TDP	65 W	47 W	45 W
Thermal Solution Specification	PCG 2013C		PCG 2013B
Recommended Customer Price	TRAY: $303.00 BOX : $305.00	TRAY: $378.00	TRAY: $303.00
Memory Specifications
Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type)	32 GB	32 GB	32 GB
Memory Types	DDR3-1333/1600	DDR3L-1333,1600	DDR3-1333/1600
# of Memory Channels	2	2	2
Max Memory Bandwidth	25.6 GB/s	25.6 GB/s	25.6 GB/s
ECC Memory Supported	No	Yes	No
Graphics Specifications
Processor Graphics	Yes	Yes	Yes
Graphics Model	Intel® HD Graphics 4600	Intel® HD Graphics 4600	Intel® HD Graphics 4600
Graphics Base Frequency	350 MHz	400 MHz	350 MHz
Graphics Max Dynamic Frequency	1.2 GHz	1 GHz	1 GHz
Graphics Output		eDP/DP/HDMI/VGA
Intel® Quick Sync Video	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® InTru™ 3D Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Insider™	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Wireless Display	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Flexible Display Interface (Intel® FDI)		Yes	Yes
Intel® Clear Video HD Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
# of Displays Supported	3	3	3
Expansion Options
PCI Express Revision	3.0	3.0	3.0
PCI Express Configurations	Up to 1×16, 2×8, 1×8/2×4	Up to 1×16, 2×8, 1×8 2×4	Up to 1×16, 2×8, 1×8 2×4
# of PCI Express Lanes	16	16	16
Package Specifications
Max CPU Configuration	1	1	1
TJUNCTION		100
Package Size	37.5mm x 37.5mm	37.5mm x 32mm x 1.6mm	37.5mm x 37.5mm (LGA1150)
Graphics and IMC Lithography	22nm	22 nm	22 nm
Sockets Supported	FCLGA1150	FCBGA1364	FCLGA1150
Low Halogen Options Available	See MDDS	See MDDS	See MDDS
Advanced Technologies
Intel® Turbo Boost Technology	2.0	2.0	2.0
Intel® vPro Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-d)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Trusted Execution Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
AES New Instructions	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® TSX-NI	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® 64	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Anti-Theft Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® My WiFi Technology		Yes
Idle States	Yes	Yes	Yes
Enhanced Intel SpeedStep® Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes
Thermal Monitoring Technologies	Yes	Yes	Yes
Execute Disable Bit	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Secure Key	Yes	Yes	Yes
Intel® Identity Protection Technology	Yes	Yes	Yes

Motherboard built with sockets LGA 1150, rPGA 947 and BGA-1364 supports new Haswell processors.

Finally words:

Without get very technical, the primary differences for the average person are relatively small.

• Haswell consumes very less power; such It can run a new MacBook for more than 12 hours (full day). – via 
• Slightly more processing power. On average with the same clock speeds Haswell CPUs are faster than 3rd generation CPUs.

Haswell is just perfect, Perfect computining, Perfect Battery life and Perfect inbuilt Perfect Graphics (IRIS Graphics).